Birds of North Carolina
their Distribution and Abundance
Scientific Name:
Common Name:
 Family (Alpha):
ACCIPITRIDAE Members:
General Comments
The Red-tailed Hawk is the state's most familiar hawk, easily seen perched in trees visible from highways, or soaring overhead. Populations across the state seem to have remained stable over the past few decades, though have been surpassed in recent decades by the slightly smaller Red-shouldered Hawk. It might be the only hawk that indisputably breeds in every county in the state. Red-tails favor a mix of forests and fairly large fields, nesting quietly in trees inside the forest, but spending most of their time foraging in fields and roadsides, both observing prey from soaring overhead or from a high perch in a tree. There are numerous reports of various color phases, which are beyond the scope of this reference, in part because there is so much variation in plumages/pigments in this species. There are a few reports of the Harlan's subspecies, including a specimen at the NC Museum of Natural Sciences that is identified as this subspecies; however, to date only two records have been accepted by the NC BRC.
Breeding Status
Breeder
NC BRC List
The species' status on the List of Bird Species of North Carolina: either Definitive, Provisional, or Extinct, as administered by the NC Bird Records Committee. The Provisional List contains species for which there are less than three accepted sight (i.e., non-documented) records. Species of unaccepted origin are not included on the List of Bird Species of North Carolina.
Definitive
State Status
none
U.S. Status
Definitive
State Rank
S5B,S5N
Global Rank
G5
Coastal Plain
Permanent resident, with some migratory movements. Fairly common breeder in the western half of the province, and uncommon to fairly common in the eastern half, though rare to absent as a breeder on most coastal islands; numbers increase in fall and winter, and it becomes generally common across the province in winter, though only small numbers winter along coastal islands. Peak counts: 25, Ennice (Alleghany), 21 Sep 2024; 22, Leicester (Buncombe), 15 Feb 2016; 21, Triple Falls (Transylvania), 9 Apr 2024.

Harlan's Hawk: a light-phase adult Harlan's Hawk was seen at Alligator River NWR on 2 Mar 2012* (Chat 76:109); it was accepted by the NC BRC (Chat 77:6-10).

Piedmont
Permanent resident, with some migratory movements. Fairly common summer resident, and common winter resident, across the province. Peak counts: 41, Riverbend Farm Trail (Cabarrus), 14 Sep 2021; 40, Pittsboro (Chatham), 26 Nov 2018; 32, unspecified site (Polk), 13 Nov 1985.

Harlan's Hawk: an adult male specimen, from Charlotte (Mecklenburg) on 13 Jan 2003*, is now at the NC Museum of Natural Sciences. The NC BRC accepted photos of the specimen (Chat 78:8-13).

Mountains
Permanent resident, with some migratory movements. Fairly common at low elevations (below 2,500 feet) year-round; uncommon to fairly common all year at mid-elevations (2,500-4,500 feet); and scarce at high elevations at any time. However, there is a noticeable fall flight, when the birds can be occasionally common (at least from hawk watches) in Oct and Nov. Peak counts:
Finding Tips
*** to ****
This and the Red-shouldered Hawk are the most frequently seen large hawks in the region; it is difficult to miss either species in a full day of birding, especially in winter.
Distribution
Buteo jamaicensis
Breeding Range
Buteo jamaicensis